高山草地绵羊放牧生态系统草畜营养供需动态

为了探讨放牧生态系统草畜间动态关系 ,缓减草畜营养供需的季节性不平衡 ,分别在高山草地春、夏、秋和冬季 ,进行了绵羊消化代谢试验 .结果表明 ,春季牧草消化能、粗蛋白质含量及粗蛋白质 消化能比值最高 ,分别为 9.76MJ、2 1.5 3%和 2 2 .0 6 g·MJ-1,有效能不足 ;高山草地牧草产量低 ,绵羊采食干物质量最低 (6 0 .5 1± 3.4 2 g·W0 .75kg-1·d-1) ;应补充饲料 ,尤其补饲能量饲料 .夏季牧草粗蛋白质 消化能比值为 17.6 2g·MJ-1,偏高 ,能量仍略显不足 ;补饲能量饲料 ,可提高绵羊对牧草N的利用率 .秋季与其它 3季牧地相比 ,草畜间的营养供需较平衡 ,放牧能满足绵羊的营养需要 ,其体内N存留率较高 .冬季牧草质差 ,消化能、粗蛋白质含量最低 ,分别为 4 .30MJ、4 .6 3% ,绵羊干物质采食量亦低 ,N代谢呈负平衡 ,应补饲干物质、有效能及粗蛋白质不足的部分 .为改善此现状 ,要实行季节畜牧业 ,建立植物生产与动物生产的耦合系统

Dynamics of forage supplement and nutrition requirements of grazing sheep in alpine grasslands

The dynamics of forage supply and nutrition requirements of sheep were monitored for a whole year under alpine grassland conditions in Sunan County, Gansu Province. The digestion and metabolism of grazed sheep were determined in different seasons. The results showed that the DE(9.76 MJ), CP(21.53%) and the ratio of crude protein to digestible energy (22.06 g.MJ-1) of forage were the highest in Spring, while the herbage dry matter yield and dry matter intake (60.51 +/- 3.42 g.W0.75kg-1.d-1) by grazed sheep were the lowest. Supplementary DM especially in energy should be provided. The ratio of crude protein to digestible energy was 17.62 g.MJ-1 in Summer, and was somewhat higher. The nitrogen utility of the forage would be improved, if energy feed was supplemented. Both the quality and quantity of forage produced in grasslands in Autumn could meet the sheep requirement. Whereas during Winter, neither forage yield nor nutritive value was sufficient for sheep, and the contents of the DE and CP of forage were the lowest in the year, which were 4.30 MJ and 4.63%, respectively. The nitrogen metabolism of sheep was negative. Therefore, DM, especially DE and CP, should be supplemented. To improve the conditions, it was necessary to develop seasonal animal husbandry, and combine the subsystems into coupling systems.