军都山古代人群运动模式及生活方式的时序性变化

古代畜牧生计人群的生活方式、对畜牧业依赖程度及与相邻定居人群的关系表现多样。军都山墓地是东周时期以畜牧业为重要生计方式的玉皇庙文化代表性遗址,在其延续的近三百年时间里文化遗存发生了一些明确变化,暗示其生活模式的可能改变。本文通过该遗址出土人骨体质状况的表现对军都山古人群运动和生活方式的时序性变化进行探讨。106根股骨骨干中部断面生物力学参数被用来分析其下肢功能状况及流动性,2487枚牙齿的龋病发生情况用于了解其植物性食物摄入的变化趋势。结果表明,与放牧生活密切相关的流动性在男性随时代明显减弱,但一直显著高于同性别农业定居人群;女性的流动性则变化不大,与定居农业人群相当。龋齿发病在男性随时代显著增高,女性则变化不明显且维持在相对较高水平,表明男性饮食中粮食类占比随时代有增加的趋势。结合文化遗存的发展变化推断,虽然畜牧业一直是军都山古代人类最重要的生计模式,但其流动性和龋病的变化表明畜牧业在其生业模式重要性随时代有所下降;伴随其的是农业在其经济生活中的比重开始增加,可能是受周边定居农业文化影响的结果。

Temporal change of mobility and subsistence strategies inJundushan Bronze Age pastoralists

Pastoralists specialize in animal herding that requires high mobility, however there is enormous variability in subsistence strategies and degrees of mobility in pastoral societies. Jundushan cemeteries are key sites of Bronze Age pastoral Yuhuangmiao culture in North China that lasted for nearly 3 centuries. Till now, little is known about physical changes and its significance on the patterns of pastoralist behaviors. Data on the biomechanical properties of femoral mid-shaft cross-sections of Jundushan groups was collected to investigate lower limb functions or patterns of mobility that relate to pastoral economy. The prevalence of dental caries was recorded in order to evaluate changes in proportion of plant food that correlates to agriculture. The results of this study show that in males there is significant decrease of mobility as indicated by the ratio of anterioposterior to mediolateral second moments of area (Ix/Iy), and a remarkable increase in cariogenic sweet foods as revealed by the rate of dental caries. Females show almost no change in these two aspects. Combined with the changes of cultural relics, physical changes in lower limb function and the presence of dental caries may indicate a reduced dependence on pastoralism and an increase in agriculture, even though pastoralism is always a key subsistence strategy.