Sex hormones and bone health in males |
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Authors: | Vincenzo Carnevale Elisabetta Romagnoli Romano Del Fiacco Jessica Pepe Salvatore Minisola |
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Affiliation: | a Unit of Internal Medicine, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy b Department of Clinical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy c Unit of Endocrinology, “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, IRCCS, Viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy |
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Abstract: | Sex steroids play a key role in maintaining skeletal integrity lifelong, through a complex variety of endocrine, but also paracrine and possibly autocrine actions. The current knowledge that androgens may act as pro-hormones for estrogens has seriously challenged many traditional views, so that, at least for their skeletal actions, these can no longer be considered exclusively “male” or “female” hormones. |
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Keywords: | Androgens Estrogens Aromatase Bone Fracture Osteoporosis |
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