Immobilization and bone structure in humans |
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Authors: | Harri Sievä nen |
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Affiliation: | Bone Research Group, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, FI-33501 Tampere, Finland |
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Abstract: | Long-term immobilization is known to result in substantial bone loss. The present review examined the existing evidence for deterioration of bone structure during long-term disuse in humans. Paralysis due to spinal cord injury, long-term exposure to microgravity in space or tightly restricted mobility during bed rest provide reasonable models to assess the influence of immobilization on bone structure. Expectedly, the duration of immobilisation was the major determinant of bone loss, but irrespective of whether the skeletal unloading was due to irrecoverable paralysis, long-term spaceflight or bed rest, the mean pattern of structural deterioration of bone, mainly manifest as substantial cortical thinning and trabecular bone loss, was quite similar. However, skeletal responses to disuse can be highly variable between individuals. Apparently the relative decline in individual’s bone loading in relation to loading prior to immobilization accounts for inter-individual variation. |
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Keywords: | Spinal cord injury Bed rest Spaceflight Disuse Bone strength Osteoporosis |
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