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Anaerobic degradation of organic compounds at high salt concentrations
Authors:Aharon Oren
Institution:(1) The Division of Microbial and Molucular Ecology, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
Abstract:A number of obligately anaerobic fermentative bacteria are known to degrade a variety of organic substrates such as sugars, amino acids, and others, in the presence of high salt concentrations (up to 3–4 M) to products such as hydrogen, CO2, acetate and higher fatty acids, and ethanol. Our understanding of the fate of these products in hypersaline environments is still extremely limited. The occurrence of bacterial sulfate reduction is well established at salt concentrations of up to 24%; however, the bacteria involved have not yet been isolated in pure culture, and the range of electron donors used is unknown. Halophilic or halotolerant methanogenic bacteria using hydrogen/CO2 or acetate as energy source are notably absent; methanogenesis under hypersaline conditions is probably limited to such substrates as methanol and methylamines, which cannot be expected to be major products of anaerobic degradation of most organic compounds.
Keywords:anaerobic  halophilic  fermentation  sulfate reduction  methanogenesis
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