基于遥感的煤炭型矿业城市土地利用与生态承载力时空变化分析

运用遥感和社会经济系统发展指数修正生态足迹模型,开展淮南市土地利用与生态承载力时空演化分析。结果表明:1987—2012年,淮南市人均生态承载力总体呈现缓慢降低后略微升高的趋势,2009年是人均生态承载力提升的拐点,表明经济科技因子的提升作用;淮南市生态承载力时空差异显著,总体呈现东南和北部高、西部低的格局,而且区域破碎化加剧的趋势。矿区占用大量耕地以及积水塌陷区的形成,是生态承载力的下降和空间格局分异的主要原因;土地利用转移以耕地、建筑用地为主,水域对土地利用格局的影响日益增强,开展塌陷区整治,将塌陷区形成的水域转换成耕地或建设用地,将是提高淮南市生态承载力的最有效途径之一。

Spatio-temporal analysis of land use and ecological carrying capacity in coal mining city based on remote sensing

We analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and ecological carrying capacity in Huainan city with an improved ecological footprint model based on remote sensing and a social-economical system development index. The results showed that: from 1987 to 2012, the ecological carrying capacity per capita educed gradually in the beginning and then increased slowly with 2009 being the inflection point, which reflected the positive effects of new economic development mode and science technology; The ecological carrying capacity in Huainan exhibited strong spatio-temporal variability with an overal spatial pattern of high capacity in Southeast and North and low in West and an increasing fragmentation trend at the regional scale. The loss of farmland to mining sites and the formation of seeper collapse area were the main causes of capacity decline and spatio-temporal variability. The main types of land use transfer were farmland and building land, and water area increasingly exerted great influences on land use pattern. Our study suggests that one of the most effective ways for improving ecological carrying capacity in Huainan is to conduct comprehensive treatment in the collapse areas, such as changing seeper collapse area into farmland and building land.