论广西生态安全

生态安全是近年来生态学研究的热点问题,也是可持续发展的重大战略问题。广西生态安全面临的突出问题与挑战,包括:生态破坏、水土流失、石漠化、土壤衰退、植被退化、生物多样性降低、物种入侵、环境污染、自然灾害、结构受损、功能减退、可持续发展面临威胁等。造成广西生态安全问题存在的原因是多方面的,既有历史原因,也有现实因素;既有自然原因,更有人为因素。根本的原因是:不良的生产活动、不当的"三废"排放、过快的人口增长和频发的自然灾害。针对广西存在的上述生态安全问题,必须采取有效对策和措施:(1)提高认识;(2)完善制度;(3)严格执法;(4)绿色考评;(5)生态补偿;(6)加强研究;(7)促进合作;(8)分区分类;(9)增大投入;(10)增强能力。

Study of ecological security in Guangxi Province

In recent years, ecological security has emerged as a prominent issue in environmental research, and is a major strategic factor in sustainable development. Guangxi is one of the more important region in western China, and the problems it faces in terms of ecological security are significant. The major strategic tasks of China''s western development are to strengthen environmental protection and reconstruction, maintain ecological safety in Guangxi and the entire western region, and construct a western ecological security barrier. It can be argued that the maintenance of ecological safety in Guangxi and achievement of ecological security in the western region are concrete actions that will safeguard the ecological security of the country. Thus, in-depth study of ecological safety in Guangxi has important environmental, economic, social, political and international meaning. For a considerable time, the Guangxi border region has been a typical underdeveloped area, with poor infrastructure, lack of strong support for the policy, and a weak sustainable development capacity. The area is now looking to the State to increase policy support for the Guangxi Regional Development Contiguous Areas that are suffering particular difficulties. Such fiscal and land policy support would include poverty alleviation, increased investment in water conservancy, energy and construction investment, and ecological compensation. Guangxi has more recently been faced with major problems in terms of ecological security and challenges to sustainable development. These include environmental damage in the form of soil erosion and recession, desertification, vegetation degradation, reduced biodiversity, invasive species and pollution. The fundamental human causes of these conditions include poor production activities, improper wastes discharge, and excessive population growth. Frequent natural disasters also play a major role. Guangxi is a disaster-prone area, and to varying degrees, natural disasters occur every year, causing damage to land and people''s property, and claiming the lives of animals and humans. Natural disasters and development activity are serious ecological safety issues in themselves, but they will also trigger other environmental consequences and even more serious ecological security problems. Frequent, large-scale natural disasters in Guangxi, make Guangxi ecological security issues more complex, volatile and unpredictable. Timely, strategic and targeted policies must be developed and implemented in response to the ecological security problems in Guangxi. Moreover, only by taking a comprehensive approach to support policies and measures will sustainable development in Guangxi likely succeed. The list of interventions include: (1) enhancing awareness; (2) improving institution; (3) strictly enforcing laws and regulations; (4) conducting green appraisals; (5) implementing ecological compensation; (6) strengthening research; (7) promoting cooperation; (8) instituting a zoning classification system; (9) increasing investment; and (10) building capacity. By recommending the above series of policies and measures, we hope to enhance the ecological and environmental protection capacity in Guangxi, and improve the area''s capacity for sustainable development. The ultimate goal is to achieve ecological safety and bring about a coordinated and healthy development of Guangxi''s economic, social and environment resources.