Effect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seedlings |
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Authors: | Mostafa Lamhamdi Ouiam El Galiou Ahmed Bakrim Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz Manuel Arias-Estévez Ahmed Aarab René Lafont |
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Affiliation: | 1. PER-Centre des Etudes Environnementales Méditerranéennes, Equipe de recherche Biotechnologies et Génie des Biomolécules, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 416, Tangier, Morocco;2. Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain;3. UPMC (Université Paris 6), Laboratoire BIOSIPE, ER3, Case Courrier 29, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France |
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Abstract: | Lead (Pb) is the most common heavy metal contaminant in the environment. Pb is not an essential element for plants, but they absorb it when it is present in their environment, especially in rural areas when the soil is polluted by automotive exhaust and in fields contaminated with fertilizers containing heavy metal impurities. To investigate lead effects on nutrient uptake and metabolism, two plant species, spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), were grown under hydroponic conditions and stressed with lead nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, at three concentrations (1.5, 3, and 15 mM).Lead is accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in both plant species, which results in reduced growth and lower uptake of all mineral ions tested. Total amounts and concentrations of most mineral ions (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) are reduced, although Mn concentrations are increased, as its uptake is reduced less relative to the whole plant’s growth. The deficiency of mineral nutrients correlates in a strong decrease in the contents of chlorophylls a and b and proline in both species, but these effects are less pronounced in spinach than in wheat. By contrast, the effects of lead on soluble proteins differ between species; they are reduced in wheat at all lead concentrations, whereas they are increased in spinach, where their value peaks at 3 mM Pb.The relative lead uptake by spinach and wheat, and the different susceptibility of these two species to lead treatment are discussed. |
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Keywords: | Chlorophyll Heavy metal stress Nutrient elements Proline Soluble protein Spinach Wheat |
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