Serum and cerebrospinal fluid herpes simplex virus type 1 immunoglobulin G and M titers in four cases of herpes simplex encephalitis

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) IgG and IgM ELISA titers were serially determined in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 4 patients with HSV-1 encephalitis during a follow-up period of 1-26 months. In 3 out of 4 patients HSV-1 IgM titers raised in CSF during the acute phase of disease, thus allowing differentiation between primary and reactivated forms of HSV-1 encephalitis. HSV-1 IgG titers showed a sharp elevation earlier in serum than in CSF. Specific IgG index documented a large intrathecal production of HSV-1 IgG and their persistence 2 years following clinical onset. The initial trend of serum and CSF specific IgG titer represents a reliable tool for a retrospective diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis.