Comprehensive characterization of skeletal tissue growth anomalies of the finger coral Porites compressa |
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| Authors: | Isabelle J. Domart-Coulon Nikki Traylor-Knowles Esther Peters David Elbert Craig A. Downs Kathy Price Joanne Stubbs Shawn McLaughlin Evelyn Cox Greta Aeby P. Randy Brown Gary K. Ostrander |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, UMR 5178 BOME, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, C.P.51, 75005 Paris, France;(2) Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, MD, Baltimore 21218, USA;(3) Tetra Tech, Inc., 10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;(4) Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, 22900 Shaw Road, Suite 107, Sterling, VA 20166-4311, USA;(5) Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA;(6) Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, VA 24533, USA;(7) NOAA NOS Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris St., Oxford, MD 21654, USA;(8) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96822, USA;(9) Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;(10) Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;(11) 2500 Campus Road, Hawaii Hall 211, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA |
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| Abstract: | The scleractinian finger coral Porites compressa has been documented to develop raised growth anomalies of unknown origin, commonly referred to as “tumors”. These skeletal tissue anomalies (STAs) are circumscribed nodule-like areas of enlarged skeleton and tissue with fewer polyps and zooxanthellae than adjacent tissue. A field survey of the STA prevalence in Oahu, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, was complemented by laboratory analysis to reveal biochemical, histological and skeletal differences between anomalous and reference tissue. MutY, Hsp90a1, GRP75 and metallothionein, proteins known to be up-regulated in hyperplastic tissues, were over expressed in the STAs compared to adjacent normal-appearing and reference tissues. Histological analysis was further accompanied by elemental and micro-structural analyses of skeleton. Anomalous skeleton was of similar aragonite composition to adjacent skeleton but more porous as evidenced by an increased rate of vertical extension without thickening. Polyp structure was retained throughout the lesion, but abnormal polyps were hypertrophied, with increased mass of aboral tissue lining the skeleton, and thickened areas of skeletogenic calicoblastic epithelium along the basal floor. The latter were highly metabolically active and infiltrated with chromophore cells. These observations qualify the STAs as hyperplasia and are the first report in poritid corals of chromophore infiltration processes in active calicoblastic epithelium areas. |
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| Keywords: | Hyperplasia Coral disease Skeletal tissue Chromophore cells Porites compressa |
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