上海市进口火龙果软腐病病害分析

应用病原形态学和真菌rDNA-ITS分子标记及Fusarium oxysporum种特异性序列分析, 对引起上海市水果市场销售的进口火龙果软腐的市场病害进行了分离与鉴定, 明确了两种主要的致病真菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和单隔镰刀菌(Fusarium dimerum)。其中, F. oxysporum为引起进口火龙果采后软腐的最主要病原真菌, 该菌最适生长温度和致病温度均为25 °C, 光照条件下的致病性强, 在15 °C和35 °C条件下致病性明显降低, 5 °C和45 °C条件下该菌无法正常生长和致病, 并且该菌还能够引起香蕉、番茄、葡萄等多种水果腐烂。系统研究引起进口火龙果采后软腐病病原真菌的生物学特性, 为进口火龙果采后病原真菌有效控制方法的制定提供了有益的参考。

Pathogens analysis of soft rot disease of imported pitaya in Shanghai

In this study, the major pathogens that caused soft rot disease of imported dragon fruit were studied morphologically and molecularly. Two strains of Fusarium were identified in this study, which respectively belongs to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium dimerum. F. oxysporum was the most important pathogen which caused postharvest rot on imported pitaya. The most optimum temperature for F. oxysporum growth and pathogenicity was 25 °C. In addition, there was a positive relationship between pathogenicity and illumination. It could neither grow nor form lesion under lower temperature (5 °C) and higher temperature (45 °C), its pathogenicity became weaker under 15 °C and 35 °C. Further analysis showed that it could also cause postharvest rot on banana, tomato and grape. Taken together, our results analysis the key pathogen caused postharvest rot on imported pitaya and provide a useful reference for making measures towards the disease.