The role of activated charcoal in plant tissue culture |
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Authors: | Thomas T Dennis |
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Affiliation: | Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Pala, Arunapuram (P.O), PIN-686574, Kottayam (Dt), Kerala, India. den_thuruthiyil@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: | Activated charcoal has a very fine network of pores with large inner surface area on which many substances can be adsorbed. Activated charcoal is often used in tissue culture to improve cell growth and development. It plays a critical role in micropropagation, orchid seed germination, somatic embryogenesis, anther culture, synthetic seed production, protoplast culture, rooting, stem elongation, bulb formation etc. The promotary effects of AC on morphogenesis may be mainly due to its irreversible adsorption of inhibitory compounds in the culture medium and substancially decreasing the toxic metabolites, phenolic exudation and brown exudate accumulation. In addition to this activated charcoal is involved in a number of stimulatory and inhibitory activities including the release of substances naturally present in AC which promote growth, alteration and darkening of culture media, and adsorption of vitamins, metal ions and plant growth regulators, including abscisic acid and gaseous ethylene. The effect of AC on growth regulator uptake is still unclear but some workers believe that AC may gradually release certain adsorbed products, such as nutrients and growth regulators which become available to plants. This review focuses on the various roles of activated charcoal in plant tissue culture and the recent developments in this area. |
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Keywords: | ABA, Abscisic acid AC, Activated charcoal BA, 6-Benzyl aminopurine BP, Banana pulp CH, Casein hydrolysate CW, Coconut water 2,4-D, 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid GD, Gresshoff and Doy medium IAA, Indole 3-acetic acid IBA, Indole-3-butyric acid Kn, Kinetin MES, 2-[N-Morpholino] ethenesulfonic acid MS, Murashige and Skoog medium NAA, 1-Naphthalene acetic acid NN, Nitsch medium NOA, 2-Napthoxyacetic acid PEG, Polyethylene glycol PG, Phloroglucinol PGR, Plant growth regulator PLB, Protocorm like bodies PVP, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone SE, Somatic embryo SH, Schenk and Hildebrandt medium TDZ, thidiazuron-N-phenyl N1 1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl urea TE, Tracheary element WPM, Woody plant medium WS, Wolter and Skoog medium |
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