基于等级层次分析法的金沙江下游地区生态功能分区

金沙江下游地区是我国西南重要的生态环境保护区域,也是我国未来水电建设的重要区域,在西南民族经济和区域可持续发展等方面都具有十分重要的战略意义。该地区水能资源开发潜力巨大,是我国重要的能源基地,但是该地区生态环境相对脆弱。为了保护这些脆弱生态环境的地区,尽管国家和大多数省级层次的生态功能分区已经制定并颁布和实施,但是如何探索和制定区域、流域尺度的生态功能分区研究却为数不多。而大尺度的生态功能分区研究并不一定非常适合这一具体流域实际情况,所以小尺度典型流域的生态功能分区探索是非常必要的。基于金沙江下游地区的生态环境特征,运用空间分析的方法和技术,采用定性和定量分析相结合的等级层次分析法,对金沙江下游地区进行了生态功能分区。结果表明:金沙江下游地区可划分为2个生态区、6个生态亚区和29个生态功能区;以流域尺度上水源涵养、水土保持和生物多样性保护为主导生态系统功能,进行了重要生态功能分区,确定了金沙江下游地区具有重要意义的19个重要生态功能区域。该重点区域的划分对金沙江下游地区生态安全具有重要生态意义,可用于指导金沙江下游地区自然资源的有序开发利用和产业布局的合理配置,为金沙江下游地区生态环境保护提供科学依据,对维护金沙江下游地区的水电生态安全提供重要指导。

Ecological function regionalization in the lower Jinsha River Basin using analytic hierarchy process method

The lower Jinsha River Basin (LJRB) is an important protected area in the regional environments and ecosystems in the southwest of China. It is also a key region for future hydroelectric development and is of great strategic significance for national economy and regional sustainable development. Although the LJRB is one of vital energy bases in China for its huge potential hydropower resources, the region''s ecosystems are very fragile. In order to protect these ecologically fragile environments, eco-regionalization based on ecological function at national scale has been recently formulated, promulgated, and implemented; however, only few studies have addressed ecological regionalization at basin scale. It was assumed that the eco-regionalization at the national scale could not be applied equally and accurately to the local eco-regionalization. Therefore, we tested weather national eco-regionalization could be used at the small regional scale, and sought appropriate eco-regionalization plan applicable at a specific scale. This research on regionalization based on ecological function was carried out in the LJRB by incorporating spatial analysis methods in remote sensing and GIS and qualitative and quantitative analytic hierarchy process analyses in the process of regionalization in accordance with the local climate, topography, and ecological environment. The LJRB was divided into two eco-regions and six sub-eco-regions composed of 19 eco-functional zones. Furthermore,19 critical eco-functional zones were delineated by synthetically analyzing dominant eco-functions, involving conservation of water and soil, and conservation of biodiversity in the LJRB. The results indicated that regionalization in the LJRB is very important for the local ecological sustainability. This study will help to exploit and allocate natural resources orderly, rationally guide the land planning for industries, as well as provide scientific support for protecting the environment and maintaining ecological security of hydroelectric development in the LJRB.