植物挥发性物质对蚜虫性信息素诱蚜效果的影响(英文)

本研究首先是在不同的寄主植物中利用蚜虫性信息素进行田间诱蚜实验。结果表明寄主植物影响性信息素田间诱蚜的种类和效果。在桃园 ,以蚜虫性信息素荆芥内酯和荆芥醇为性诱剂的水盆诱捕器 ,诱到 3种蚜虫的雄蚜 ,分别是桃蚜、桃粉大尾蚜和莲缢管蚜。其中 ,桃蚜占绝大多数 ,且还被性信息素的单一组分植物提取的荆芥内酯所吸引。麦田中诱到的雄蚜为麦二叉蚜。苹果园中诱到的雄蚜是绣线菊蚜和梨中华圆尾蚜 ,且性信息素诱捕器中的数目远多于对照诱捕器。据田间诱蚜实验结果推测 ,荆芥内酯和荆芥醇对桃粉大尾蚜有吸引作用 ,荆芥内酯可能是绣线菊蚜和梨中华圆尾蚜性信息素的一个组分。另外进行的田间实验表明寄主植物挥发性物质对蚜虫性信息素诱蚜效果有影响 ,当荆芥内酯诱捕器同时释放桃叶挥发物时 ,诱到的桃蚜雄蚜数量明显增加。触角电位记录实验也表明桃蚜雄蚜对桃叶挥发物和桃芽挥发物有反应。

RELEVANCE OF PLANT VOLATILES TO SEX PHERO- MONE IN LURING APHIDS IN THE FIELD

Outdoor trials were made to test the responses of male aphids to pheromone lures in fields with different host plants, in order to know whether host plants would affect catches of males to pheromone lures. In peach orchard, males of three aphid species, i e Myzus persicae, Hyalopterus amygdali and Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae , were found in traps baited with aphid sex pheromone nepetalactone and nepetalactol. The most numerous numbers was M persicae and it was also attracted by plant derived nepetalactone alone in peach orchard and cabbage garden. Schizaphis graminum males were caught in water traps in wheat field. In apple orchard, males of two aphid species, Aphis cifricola and Sappaphis sinipiricola were caught in significantly larger numbers in the pheromone traps than in the control traps. Field study indicated that the sex pheromone of H amygdali comprises either one or both of nepetalactone and nepetalactol, and nepetalactone may be one component of sex pheromones of A cifricola and S sinipiricola. Another field trial had shown that catches were increased if volatiles from a steam distilled extract of peach leaves were released simultaneously with nepetalactone. Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from males of M persicae to volatiles of peach leaves and buds.