高温对珍贵绢丝昆虫——天蚕睾丸生长发育的影响

研究结果表明,高温对天蚕(Antheraea yamamai)睾丸生长发育有明显影响.3、4龄幼虫睾丸大小在20～29℃范围内随温度提高而增大,32℃下则略有下降;5龄幼虫睾丸大小在20～26℃范围内随温度提高而减小,其中以20℃下的睾丸极显著为大,在29℃和32℃下幼虫难以生存,睾丸几乎不可能发育.在茧蛹期,不论在刚结茧还是在化蛹第1天和第6天经受32℃高温持续处理,睾丸大小增长、精子发生明显受阻,睾丸中可溶性蛋白含量和精子形成数量明显下降.成虫期第1天受32℃高温处理时精子活力明显减弱.建议在天蚕制种前,结茧至成虫期茧蛹和雄蛾保护时切勿经受32℃高温冲击.此外就3、4龄和5龄幼虫饲育的适宜温度作了探讨.

Impact of high temperature on testicular growth and development of valuable silkworm Antheraea yamamai(Lepi doptera Saturiidae)

The results indicated that high temperature had a significant impact on the growth and development of testis in Japanese oak silkworm Antheraea yamamai. The testicular size of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae increased within the range from 20 to 29 degrees C, and slightly decreased at 32 degrees C. While in the 5th instar, it decreased within the range from 20 to 26 degrees C, with the biggest size at 20 degrees C. The testis was almost hard to grow and develop because the larvae could not survive at 29 to 32 degrees C. When the mature larvae were treated at 32 degrees C at the beginning of coconing or at the 1st or 6th day of pupating, the growth of testicular size and spermatogenesis were significantly arrested, and the sperm number and the content of soluble protein in the testis markedly decreased. When the male moth of the 1st day was treated at 32 degrees C, the activity of the sperms in the testis obviously decreased, in contrast to the treatment at 20 degrees C. It is concluded that for the egg raising of the silkworm, its mature larvae, puape in cocoons and male moths should not be exposed to 32 degrees C from cocooning to adult stage. The proper temperature for rearing 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae was discussed.