动物觅食行为对捕食风险的反应

动物进行任何活动时均面临被捕食的风险 ,分析捕食风险与猎物觅食行为的关系 ,有助于揭示捕食者与猎物的协同进化机制。捕食风险具有限制或调节猎物种群数量的功能。在进化时间内 ,对猎物形态和行为特征的进化是潜在的选择压力之一 ,可利用环境因子作为信息源估测食物可利用性和捕食风险大小的动物 ,具有更大的适合度。信息源可分为包括视觉的、听觉的和化学的。动物进行觅食活动时 ,依据信息源的变化确定环境中捕食风险的大小 ,并根据自身的质量在捕食风险的大小之间做出权衡 ,通过食物选择、活动格局和栖息地利用等行为的变化降低捕食风险

The Response of Animal's Foraging Behaviour to Predation Risk

All animals always face with predation risk when they engage in any activities. In order to uncover the coevolutionary mechanism of predators and preys, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the predation risk and foraging behaviour of preys. The predation risk can regulate the population of the preys and also has long been implicated as a major selective force in the evolution of several morphological and behavioral characteristics of preys. An animal that can use environmental information to assess the food availability of being captured upon and the risk of being preyed upon in ecological time will have largest fitness. Animals' major sources of information can be divided as visible, auditory and chemical. The animals have the ability to determine the predation risk according to the environmental information, trade off it depending on their body condition, and then behaviorally decrease predation risk by controlling foraging items, active pattern and habitat use during their foraging process.