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Membrane fission by dynamin: what we know and what we need to know
Authors:Bruno Antonny  Christopher Burd  Pietro De Camilli  Elizabeth Chen  Oliver Daumke  Katja Faelber  Marijn Ford  Vadim A Frolov  Adam Frost  Jenny E Hinshaw  Tom Kirchhausen  Michael M Kozlov  Martin Lenz  Harry H Low  Harvey McMahon  Christien Merrifield  Thomas D Pollard  Phillip J Robinson  Aurélien Roux  Sandra Schmid
Affiliation:1. CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice Sophia‐Antipolis, Valbonne, France;2. Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;3. Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;4. Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA;5. Department of Crystallography, Max‐Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany;6. Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;7. Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain;8. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain;9. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;10. Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA;11. Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;12. Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;13. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;14. LPTMS, CNRS, Univ. Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay, Orsay, France;15. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK;16. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK;17. Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France;18. Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;19. Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia;20. Department of Biochemistry and Swiss NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, SwitzerlandBased on discussions that happened during a meeting organized at the Les Treilles foundation, Tourtour, France, Aurélien Roux coordinated the writing of this review.;21. Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Abstract:The large GTPase dynamin is the first protein shown to catalyze membrane fission. Dynamin and its related proteins are essential to many cell functions, from endocytosis to organelle division and fusion, and it plays a critical role in many physiological functions such as synaptic transmission and muscle contraction. Research of the past three decades has focused on understanding how dynamin works. In this review, we present the basis for an emerging consensus on how dynamin functions. Three properties of dynamin are strongly supported by experimental data: first, dynamin oligomerizes into a helical polymer; second, dynamin oligomer constricts in the presence of GTP; and third, dynamin catalyzes membrane fission upon GTP hydrolysis. We present the two current models for fission, essentially diverging in how GTP energy is spent. We further discuss how future research might solve the remaining open questions presently under discussion.
Keywords:dynamin  membrane fission  endocytosis  GTPase  molecular motor
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