NSUN3 and ABH1 modify the wobble position of mt‐tRNAMet to expand codon recognition in mitochondrial translation |
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| Authors: | Jens Kretschmer Charlotte Blessing Benedikt Hübner Jan Seikowski Sven Dennerlein Peter Rehling Marina V Rodnina Claudia Höbartner Markus T Bohnsack |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Molecular Biology, University Medical Center G?ttingen, Georg‐August‐University, G?ttingen, Germany;2. Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg‐August‐University, G?ttingen, Germany;3. Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G?ttingen, Germany;4. Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center G?ttingen, Georg‐August‐University, G?ttingen, Germany;5. G?ttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Georg‐August‐University, G?ttingen, Germany;6. Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G?ttingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Mitochondrial gene expression uses a non‐universal genetic code in mammals. Besides reading the conventional AUG codon, mitochondrial (mt‐)tRNAMet mediates incorporation of methionine on AUA and AUU codons during translation initiation and on AUA codons during elongation. We show that the RNA methyltransferase NSUN3 localises to mitochondria and interacts with mt‐tRNAMet to methylate cytosine 34 (C34) at the wobble position. NSUN3 specifically recognises the anticodon stem loop (ASL) of the tRNA, explaining why a mutation that compromises ASL basepairing leads to disease. We further identify ALKBH1/ABH1 as the dioxygenase responsible for oxidising m5C34 of mt‐tRNAMet to generate an f5C34 modification. In vitro codon recognition studies with mitochondrial translation factors reveal preferential utilisation of m5C34 mt‐tRNAMet in initiation. Depletion of either NSUN3 or ABH1 strongly affects mitochondrial translation in human cells, implying that modifications generated by both enzymes are necessary for mt‐tRNAMet function. Together, our data reveal how modifications in mt‐tRNAMet are generated by the sequential action of NSUN3 and ABH1, allowing the single mitochondrial tRNAMet to recognise the different codons encoding methionine. |
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| Keywords: | ABH1 mitochondria NSUN3 RNA modification translation |
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