Portable near-infrared spectroscopy: A rapid and accurate blood test for diagnosis of Haemonchus contortus infection and for targeted selective treatment of sheep |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;1. Zoetis, Mercuriusstraat 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium;2. Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, USA;3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;4. Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;5. Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA;6. M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;1. Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom;2. University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom;3. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgshire, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;1. Zoetis, Mercuriusstraat 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium;2. Center for Veterinary Medicine, USA Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, USA;3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;4. Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;5. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Rohrdorf, Germany;6. M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;1. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany;2. Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096-4640, USA;1. Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, PO Box 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Universidade de São Paulo (USP-CENA), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;2. Instituto de Zootecnia (SAA-IZ), Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil;3. Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit (US Salinity Lab, USDA-ARS), Riverside, CA, USA;4. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP-IB), Botucatu, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and important gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in small ruminants. Since it reduces the packed cell volume (PCV), causing anemia, early diagnosis can be used for targeted selective treatment (TST) of sheep, reducing antiparasitic drug use and anthelmintic resistance. This study aimed to predict PCV values through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to develop a classification and diagnosis model of H. contortus infection using PCV values, eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and mean daily weight gain (DWG). A total of 1728 spectra were collected from blood samples of 216 lambs with a portable NIR spectroscope. In parallel, other parameters indicative of infection were measured: PCV by hematocrit, FAffa MAlan CHArt (FAMACHA) scores, EPG and DWG. To evaluate the relationship between NIRS spectra and the evaluated parameters, principal component analysis (PCA) was used for an exploratory analysis, regression by the partial least squares method (PLS) for the prediction of PCV values via NIRS, and PCA linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) as a classification model for diagnosis. The absorption peaks in the NIRS region associated with the excitation of overtones of nitrogen-hydrogen (N-H) functional groups of proteins had a strong impact on the principal components (PCs), indicating that blood proteins, especially hemoglobin, can be estimated by the NIRS technique. The model for predicting PCV by PLS presented a standard error of prediction of 2.53, root-mean-square error of 2.48, and coefficient of determination of 0.84, indicating good correlation between the PCV values predicted by the model and the PCV obtained by hematocrit. The PCA-LDA model presented 93.33% sensitivity and 82.18% accuracy, both higher than those of the FAMACHA method, as was expected for resilient Morada Nova lambs. The multivariate models associated with the NIRS technique reported here can be used in the future as a quick and versatile tool for H. contortus infection diagnosis and TST application in lambs. |
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| Keywords: | Parasite control Small ruminants Anemia FAMACHA method Diagnosis NIRS Linear Discriminate Analysis |
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