上海塘桥地区鼠类群落演替与住房结构变迁关系的分析

近年来,上海市随着市政建设的迅速扩大与改造,人类各种经济生产活动的加强及人口的增加,城市环境日益发生巨大变化。在城市化的进程中,城市里野生动物的组成及其数量也随之发生变动,例如与人伴生的有害鼠类。

ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSE RODENT COMMUNITY SUCCESSION AND THE RELATION TO THE HOUSING STRUCTURE IN TANGQIAO,SHANGHAI

From March to May of 1985 an ecological survey was made at Tangqi-ao,section of Shanghai suburban transition area to examine the aspects of the rodent distribution and their relationships with the housing structure. There are four species of rodents in the study aiea:Rattus flavipectus,R.norvegicus,Mus musculus and Apodemus agrarius.The rodent community structure has varied greatly since the sixties(1963).At that time the Rattus flav-ipectus comprised 84.95% of the total,but by now the Mus musculus has become the dominant species(80.70%).The difference was significant (t = 31.17,p<0.01) .The survey showed that rodents inhabiting single-storey houses were more than those in buildings of more than two storeys.Different types of dwellings and buildings with many floors were all dominated by the house mouse.The proportion of numbers of the house mouse from ground floor to the third floor did not show a significant difference (X² = 1.3738,p>0.05),but as the height increased,the Shannon-Weiner index H decreased,the diversity index on the ground floor H₁ = 1.2311;on the second floor H² =0.9311; and on the third floor H₃ = 0.5435.The survey also showed that houses built at different periods were all dominated by the house mouse and its numbers showed no significant differences(X² = 0.4869,p>0.05).The areas of multistorey buildings in Tangqiao Section have increased from 11.34% in the early fifties to 74.95% by now.After the sixties concrete houses comprised 70% of the total housing. The changes in the housing structure and the activities of human beings are the main factors that cause the succession of rodent community.As the urban district develops, more pains should be taken in house mouse control strategy.