The introduction of Old World crops (wheat, barley and peach) in Andean Argentina during the 16th century a.d.: archaeobotanical and ethnohistorical evidence |
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Authors: | Aylen Capparelli Verónica Lema Marco Giovannetti Rodolfo Raffino |
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Institution: | (1) Scientific Department of Archaeology, Natural Sciences Museum of La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina |
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Abstract: | It was believed for a long time that the first Old World crops were introduced to the northwest of Argentina in a.d. 1550 during the foundation of Barco, and that the indigenous people incorporated them into their subsistence almost passively.
However, since wheat, barley, and peach have been recovered from El Shincal, an Inka (Inca) administrative centre, new questions
have arisen about who first brought these crops to the study region, as well as about where they were grown for the first
time and which routes they followed after that. This paper will try to solve these questions during a period ranging from
the 16th to the 18th century. This time span, although arbitrary, is consistent with the major damage to the original social
structure caused by the Spaniards to the local indigenous populations. Our approach includes the comparison of ethnohistorical
with archaeobotanical evidence. It is concluded that the first Old World crops were brought from Chile to Santiago del Estero
by Spanish soldiers in a.d. 1556, and to Londres in a.d. 1558. These crops were taken up by local indigenous people during the period of the encomenderos and used to carry out a pachamanca ceremony at El Shincal during a Diaguita rebellion.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at |
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Keywords: | Archaeobotany Wheat routes Argentina Colonial period Inka |
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