树状分子在提高免疫分析性能方面的应用进展

基于抗原-抗体识别的免疫分析技术在小分子化学性污染物监测领域占有重要地位,已成功应用于农药、兽药、生物毒素等的快速检测,为保障食品安全发挥了重要作用.但是,如何提高小分子半抗原的免疫原性及抗体的亲和力仍然是制约该领域发展的关键技术瓶颈.树状分子作为一类新型的高分子化合物,具有分子组成明确、结构规整、高度支化、纳米尺寸、单分散性以及表面呈现高密度功能团等众多优良的结构特性和良好的组织相容性,在小分子免疫分析领域具有潜在的应用优势.本文主要综述了树状分子作为载体在抗体制备及免疫分析方面的应用,重点介绍了树状分子作为载体在免疫原及包被原制备、作为免疫佐剂提高抗原免疫原性以及作为信号放大载体在提高免疫分析灵敏度等方面的研究现状,最后对其在小分子化学性污染物免疫检测领域的应用前景进行了评述,期望能为本领域研究人员提供借鉴.

Progress on The Application of Dendrimers to Improve Performance of Immunoassays

Immunoassay based on antigen-antibody interaction plays an important role in the screening of low molecular mass organic contaminations such as pesticides, veterinary drugs and biological toxins. However, due to the lack of epitope groups of haptens, the production of antibodies with high affinity is still one of the bottlenecks of immunoassay for small molecules. Dendrimers, as a new type polymer, exhibit many excellent structural properties and histocompatibility, such as clear molecular composition, regular, highly branched and nanometer-sized structure, monodisperse property and presenting dense functional groups on its surface. Previous studies had revealed that dendrimers are potential in the improving performance of immunoassay, such as to produce antibodies with higher affinity, produce antibodies with broad-specificity and improve assay sensitivity. In this work, therefore, the application of dendrimers as carrier to prepare immunogens and coating antigens, as adjuvant to improve immunogenicity, as carrier to amplify signal were reviewed. The potential of application of dendrimers on the development of immunoassays for small molecules was also discussed.