Institution: | 1Faculty of Environmental Earth Science/Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;2CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;3Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, Japan;4Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine Earth-Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan;Mount Allison University, CANADA |