中国城市家庭代谢及其影响因素分析

家庭是可持续消费研究的主要对象，为了分析家庭消费的环境影响，荷兰的HOMES项目将代谢的概念引入家庭，提出了家庭代谢的概念。目前家庭代谢分析是评价家庭消费活动环境影响的主要方法，它通过对家庭系统中物质和能量流动过程的描述，来识别家庭消费的环境结果。本文首先介绍了家庭代谢的概念模型，该模型中包含着代谢流的方向、流量和速度3个要素，水资源、能源和物质代谢是家庭代谢的主要内容。应用这一模型，对中国城市家庭近20a的水资源和能源代谢进行描述，对家庭代谢的经济及人口社会因素进行了分析。结果表明，中国城市家庭的代谢量在可预见的短-中期时间内，将继续保持增加的趋势。

Metabolism and driving forces analysis of Chinese urban households

The household sector is the key field of sustainable consumption research. To analyze the ecological impacts of household consumption, HOMES project introduced the concepts of Household Metabolism. In ecological science, metabolism refers to the material cycles and energy flow that determine the viability and continuation of organism-environment interaction. On household level, the concept of household metabolism is a metaphor to study the integral pattern of natural resource flows into and out of households.First, we introduced the concept model of household metabolism, which includes three key factors and three kinds of main flows. The key factors are direction, quantity and velocity of flow. The three kinds of flows are water, energy and material. Then using this model we analyzed the change of household metabolism of Chinese urban household during the last twenty years. Rather than taking into account all the natural resources of household consumption, we just focused on water and energy flow. The increasing trends of urban household metabolism are very clear in China. Natural, economic and social factors are the main driving forces behind these trends. According to the experiences of developed counties, we concluded that the increasing trends will keep on in a short-middle period.