贵州省野生皂荚种实表型性状多样性分析

为深入了解贵州省野生皂荚(Gleditsia sinensis)荚果表型性状的遗传多样性及其变异类型，为皂荚的遗传改良、种质鉴定、亲本选择以及品种培育奠定理论基础。该研究以贵州省7个野生皂荚群体70个个体为研究对象，采用方差分析、主成分分析、相关性分析及多性状综合评价等方法对皂荚群体的10个种实表型性状进行系统分析和综合评价。结果显示：(1)所测皂荚的表型性状差异在群体内均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；在群体间，除每荚粒数、种子宽、种子长宽积以及种子长宽比之外，其余表型性状的差异均达极显著水平(P＜0.01)。(2)7个居群野生皂荚各性状平均变异系数为21.16%，其中凯里市(P4)居群的变异系数最高(24.44%)；居群间荚果的变异(29.22%)高于种子的变异(11.04%)，且变异主要来自于群体内。(3)相关分析显示，皂荚种实各性状之间存在不同程度的关联性；主成分分析显示，前4个主成分(皂荚种子大小、单个荚果出籽数量、种子形态指数因子、与荚果长和种子厚相关的因子)的累积贡献率达69.783%，可基本反映皂荚表型性状的大部分信息；以10个种实性状对皂荚野生群体进行综合评价发现，来自于惠水县(P7)群体的皂荚种实性状综合评价最高。研究表明，贵州省野生皂荚在群体间及群体内具有丰富的表型变异，且群体内的变异大于群体间的变异，变异主要来自于群体内。

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Provenances of Natural Gleditsia sinensis in Guizhou

To understand the genetic diversity and variation types of the phenotypic traits of Gleditsia sinensis in Guizhou Province, and to lay a theoretical foundation for genetic improvement, germplasm identification, parental selection and cultivar breeding, we selected 70 individuals from 7 wild G. sinensis populations in Guizhou Province as the research objects in this study. The 10 species phenotypic traits of G. sinensis populations were systematically analyzed and comprehensively evaluated by means of ANOVA, principal component analysis, correlation analysis and multi trait comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that: (1) the differences of the phenotypic characters of G. sinensis reached the highly significant level within the population (P < 0.01), and the differences of other phenotypic characters among the populations, except for the number of seeds produced, seed width, seed length plus width and product seed aspect ratio (P < 0.01). (2) The average coefficient of variation of each character in seven populations was 21.16%, and the highest coefficient of variation was found in Kaili (P4) population (24.44%). The variation of pods among populations (29.22%) was higher than that of seeds (11.04%), and the variation mainly came from within population. (3) Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the traits of G. sinensis seed. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components (seed size, number of seeds produced by single pod, seed morphological index factor, pod length and seed thickness related factors) was 69.783%, which could basically reflect most information of the phenotypic traits of G. sinensis. According to the comprehensive evaluation of 10 species and fruiting traits of G. sinensis wild population, the comprehensive evaluation of species and fruiting traits of G. sinensis from Huishui County (P7) population was the highest. The results showed that wild G. sinensis in Guizhou Province had abundant phenotypic variation among and within population, and the variation within populations was greater than that between populations, and the variation mainly came from within population.