次生阔叶林中大山雀和沼泽山雀取食行为的研究

生态学家对形态相似而又分布相同地理区域的种类的研究十分感兴趣。而这种“和平共处”的情况是动物界中普遍存在的。因为这种现象提供了研究种间竞争及其形成机制的机会。研究证明,物种在与其相近种类竞争中,以数量化行为和生态适应而呈现出选择优势。大山雀(Ｐａｒｕｓｍａｊｏｒ)和沼泽山雀(Ｐ.Ｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ)形态和生态习性相似(留鸟、树洞巢、食虫鸟等),是生活在同一区域的潜在竞争者。本文目的是通过两种鸟取食行为的不同及其季节变化,阐述两种山雀之所以共存的原理。关于山雀类的研究,国内外已有很多报道,因其分布广,数量多,又…

On Changes of Foraging Behavior of the Tits of Two Species in Secondary Deciduous Wood.

The foraging behavior of Parus major and P. palustris in the secondary deciduous wood during winter and summer was studied. All data were gathered from November to February of next year 1988-1991 in winter and from March to July 1989-1991 in summer. Observations were made in secondary deciduous wood of Zuojia Nature Protection region of Jilin Province. The Great tit and Marsh tit are common permanent residents of secondary deciduous wood in the region. The height, positions(Horizontal and vertical of canopy), substrates, trees species, niche breadth and niche overlap of foraging of two species are very different. The height of foraging has been expressed as the distance from 0-4m, 4.1-10m, 10.1-15m and over 15m. Great tit feeds average lower than in Marsh tit. At foraging position of canopy layer in horizontal Great tit feeds on middle layer and out layer in winter and summer, while March tit feeds on out and middle layers. At vertical position of tree canopy, Great tit feeds on up, middle and low layers in winter, and on low and middle layers in summer, while Marsh tit feeds on up and middle layers in winter and summer, concerning the trees utilized for foraging Great tit feeds on Mongotian Oak, River Birch and Pierrot Willow in winter, while Mach tit feeds on Pierrot Willow, River Birch and Manchurian Linden. The results showed that two species did not over lap significantly in the places where they gather their food in order to utilize the common food resource differently.