Clostridium taeniosporum is a close relative of the Clostridium botulinum Group II |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, One University Station A5000, Austin, Texas 78712-0162, USA;2. Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MS 140, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA;3. Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;2. Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;1. Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;2. CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia;3. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA;5. School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia;6. Unité Des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue Du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France;7. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;8. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA;9. Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States;2. Research Service, VA Medical Center West Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States;3. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;4. Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;5. Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Japan;1. Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States;2. Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States;3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States;4. Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States;5. Biosciences Division, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States;6. Medical Countermeasures Technology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States |
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| Abstract: | Clostridium taeniosporum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped non-toxigenic organism isolated from Crimean lake silt. It is unique in forming spores from which about twelve large, flat, ribbon-like appendages emanate. These ribbon-like structures, about 4.5 μm long and 0.45 μm wide, are assembled from smaller fibrils with 5 nm diameter spherical heads attached to thin tails about 1–2 nm in diameter and about 40 nm in length. The appendages have four major components, a glycoprotein with a collagen-like region, two proteins each of which contains two conserved domains of unknown function, and an ortholog of the Bacillus subtilis spore morphogenetic protein SpoVM. Genes for three of these and other, possibly related proteins, cluster on two chromosome fragments. Here we report that C. taeniosporum is saccharolytic, non-proteolytic, and produces both acetic and butyric acid fermentation products. It synthesizes α-d-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β,d-glucoseaminidase constitutively. These physiological properties are similar to those of the C. botulinum Group II. Genotypically, C. taeniosporum is also closely related to the same Group II, based on 16S rDNA sequences. C. taeniosporum differs from typical C. botulinum Group II strains because it is non-toxigenic and in forming the ribbon-like spore appendages. These major differences among otherwise closely related organisms suggest lateral transfer of genes for appendage synthesis and for toxigenicity. |
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