Effects of altered α‐ and β‐branch carotenoid biosynthesis on photoprotection and whole‐plant acclimation of Arabidopsis to photo‐oxidative stress |
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Authors: | KERSTIN A NAGEL BERND KASTENHOLZ ROBERTO BASSI ZHIRONG LI KRISHNA K NIYOGI BARRY J POGSON ULRICH SCHURR SHIZUE MATSUBARA |
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Institution: | 1. IBG‐2: Pflanzenwissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;2. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;3. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California;4. Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720‐3102, USA;5. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia |
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Abstract: | Functions of α‐ and β‐branch carotenoids in whole‐plant acclimation to photo‐oxidative stress were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana wild‐type (wt) and carotenoid mutants, lut ein deficient (lut2, lut5), n on‐p hotochemical q uenching1 (npq1) and s uppressor of z eaxanthin‐l ess1 (szl1) npq1 double mutant. Photo‐oxidative stress was applied by exposing plants to sunflecks. The sunflecks caused reduction of chlorophyll content in all plants, but more severely in those having high α‐ to β‐branch carotenoid composition (α/β‐ratio) (lut5, szl1npq1). While this did not alter carotenoid composition in wt or lut2, which accumulates only β‐branch carotenoids, increased xanthophyll levels were found in the mutants with high α/β‐ratios (lut5, szl1npq1) or without xanthophyll‐cycle operation (npq1, szl1npq1). The PsbS protein content increased in all sunfleck plants but lut2. These changes were accompanied by no change (npq1, szl1npq1) or enhanced capacity (wt, lut5) of NPQ. Leaf mass per area increased in lut2, but decreased in wt and lut5 that showed increased NPQ. The sunflecks decelerated primary root growth in wt and npq1 having normal α/β‐ratios, but suppressed lateral root formation in lut5 and szl1npq1 having high α/β‐ratios. The results highlight the importance of proper regulation of the α‐ and β‐branch carotenoid pathways for whole‐plant acclimation, not only leaf photoprotection, under photo‐oxidative stress. |
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Keywords: | Arabidopsis thaliana carotene leaf growth lutein non‐photochemical quenching root growth sunflecks xanthophyll cycle |
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