Symbiont identity matters: carbon and phosphorus fluxes between Medicago truncatula and different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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Authors: | Mark Lendenmann C??cile Thonar Romain L Barnard Yann Salmon Roland A Werner Emmanuel Frossard Jan Jansa |
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Institution: | (1) ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Nutrition Group, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland;(2) TSBF-CIAT, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute, c/o ICRAF, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30677–00100, Nairobi, Kenya;(3) ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Grassland Science Group, Universit?tstrasse 2, 8092 Z?rich, Switzerland;(4) Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;(5) Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;; |
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Abstract: | Many studies have scrutinized the nutritional benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations to their host plants, while
the carbon (C) balance of the symbiosis has often been neglected. Here, we present quantification of both the C costs and
the phosphorus (P) uptake benefits of mycorrhizal association between barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, namely Glomus intraradices, Glomus claroideum, and Gigaspora margarita. Plant growth, P uptake and C allocation were assessed 7 weeks after sowing by comparing inoculated plants with their non-mycorrhizal
counterparts, supplemented with different amounts of P. Isotope tracing (33P and 13C) was used to quantify both the mycorrhizal benefits and the costs, respectively. G. intraradices supported greatest plant P acquisition and incurred high C costs, which lead to similar plant growth benefits as inoculation
with G. claroideum, which was less efficient in supporting plant P acquisition, but also required less C. G. margarita imposed large C requirement on the host plant and provided negligible P uptake benefits. However, it did not significantly
reduce plant growth due to sink strength stimulation of plant photosynthesis. A simple experimental system such as the one
established here should allow quantification of mycorrhizal costs and benefits routinely on a large number of experimental
units. This is necessary for rapid progress in assessment of C fluxes between the plants and different mycorrhizal fungi or
fungal communities, and for understanding the dynamics between mutualism and parasitism in mycorrhizal symbioses. |
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