Pyridine and other coal tar constituents as free radical-generating environmental neurotoxicants

Summary We have tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to the principal constituents of the aqueous fraction of coal tar extracts can lead to the in vivo formation of substances which may produce neurological damage as the result of free radical generation and lipid peroxidation, these may be involved in the etiology of some neurological disorders. Artificial mixtures of the aqueous fraction of coal tar extracts were given in low concentrations to pigmented mice in their drinking water over a 3-month period. This resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation in the striatum, cerebellum and liver of the mice under test, the rank order being striatum > cerebellum > liver. These results are compatible with the possibility that coal tar emissions (as would be recovered or liberated in the burning, refining or beneficiation of coal) constitute a potential source of neurotoxicants with a predilection for damaging the nigrostriatal neuronal pathway. Our observations may thus have identified an important and hitherto unsuspected environmental source of neurotoxic chemicals, a possibility consistent with the proposed involvement of an environmental chemical factor in Parkinson's disease and perhaps in other neurological disorders.