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Self-esteem in adolescent patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during open-label atomoxetine treatment: psychometric evaluation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and clinical findings |
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| Authors: | Ralf W. Dittmann Peter M. Wehmeier Alexander Schacht Martin Lehmann Gerd Lehmkuhl |
| Affiliation: | 1. Eli Lilly Endowed Chair of Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany 2. Medical Department, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Werner-Reimers-Str. 2-4, 61352, Bad Homburg, Germany 3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany |
| Abstract: | To report on (1) psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) studied in adolescents with ADHD, (2) correlations of SES with ADHD scale scores, and (3) change in patient-reported self-esteem with atomoxetine treatment. ADHD patients (12–17 years), treated in an open-label study for 24 weeks. Secondary analyses on ADHD symptoms (assessed with ADHD-RS, CGI, GIPD scales) and self-esteem (SES) were performed. One hundred and fifty-nine patients were treated. A dichotomous structure of the SES could be confirmed. Reliability and internal consistency were moderate to excellent. Highest coefficients were found for the correlation between SES and GIPD scores. Self-esteem significantly increased over time, accompanied by an improvement of ADHD symptoms and related perceived difficulties. The Rosenberg SES was shown to be internally consistent, reliable, and sensitive to treatment-related changes of self-esteem. According to these findings, self-esteem may be an important individual patient outcome beyond the core symptoms of ADHD. |
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