食（药）用真菌比较基因组分析揭示其生态特性

食（药）用真菌可以产生多种酶系家族来降解环境中的木质纤维素,从而获得营养或与植物共生或寄生。通过注释和比较不同营养模式的食（药）用真菌中降解木质纤维素的酶类,有利于我们更好地认识食（药）用真菌的生活模式,并进一步改善培养条件。本文系统地研究了46个食（药）用真菌和3个降解木质纤维素模式真菌的基因组,根据预测蛋白质组解析了糖苷水解酶（glycoside hydrolases,GHs）、糖基转移酶（glycosyltransferases,GTs）、多糖裂解酶（polysaccharide lyases,PLs）、碳水化合物酯酶（carbohydrate esterases,CEs）、碳水化合物结合模块（carbohydrate-binding modules,CBMs）以及附属活力酶（auxiliary activities,AAs）和细胞色素P450（cytochromes P450）的种类分布。比较基因组学结果显示,食（药）用真菌中降解木质纤维素相关酶系家族的数量和种类差别很大,同时酶系家族的多样性与食（药）用真菌的生态类型也有一定的相关性。一般情况下,腐生营养真菌比共生营养真菌中降解木质纤维素酶类更多,而腐生营养中的白腐真菌和草腐真菌的酶系比褐腐真菌多。

Comparative genomic analysis of edible(medicinal) fungi reveals different ecological habitats

Edible (medicinal) fungi produce a variety of enzymes for the degradation of plant lignocellulose materials to facilitate infection and gain nutrition. Identifying and comparing enzymes from edible (medicinal) fungi with different nutritional modes may provide information for better understanding of their life styles and further improving of their culture conditions. Glycoside hydrolases (GHs), polysaccharide lyases (PLs), carbohydrate esterases (CEs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), auxiliary activities (AAs) and cytochromes P450 were systemically identified in the predicted genomes of 46 edible (medicinal) fungi and 3 representative lignocelluloses-degrading fungi. Comparative analysis revealed that edible (medicinal) fungi exhibited tremendous diversity in the number and variety of enzymes that play major roles in lignocellulose degradation. The result indicated the relationship between enzyme diversity and nutrition models. In general, saprophytic fungi have greater number of enzymes than symbiotic fungi, and brown rot fungi have smaller number of enzymes than white rot fungi and straw rot fungi.