Ocular and systemic manifestations of the acquired connective tissue diseases: Part I |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;2. Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy;3. Sapienza University of Rome, 9311, Medicosurgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, C.so della Repubblica 79, Latina, 04100, Italy;4. ASL Latina, 217138, Endocrinology Unit, Latina, Lazio, Italy;5. Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;6. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;7. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia;1. Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;2. Hubei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, China;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran;2. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran;3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran;4. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA;5. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran;1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;2. Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The connective tissue diseases are musculoskeletal disorders which have multisystemic involvement, frequently have associated ocular manifestations, and although the specific etiologies are unknown, they all demonstrate abnormalities of the immune system. In part 1 of this 2 part series, an overview of the immune system will be presented followed by a discussion of the systemic and ocular findings in those acquired connective tissue diseases which are most common or are most likely to have associated ocular involvement, including rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome. |
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