Charcoal and shrubs modify soil processes in ponderosa pine forests of western Montana |
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Authors: | M D MacKenzie T H DeLuca |
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Institution: | 1. CRBF, Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, Pavillon C.-E. Marchand,, G1K 7P4, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada 2. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Xingangxi Road 135, Guangzhou, 510275, China 3. Department für Angewandte Pflanzenwissenschaften und Pflanzenbiotechnologie, Institut für Pflanzenschutz, Universit?t für Bodenkultur Wien, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190, Wien, Austria
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Abstract: | In split-root systems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), already existing nodules or arbuscular mycorrhizal roots suppress further establishment of symbiosis in other root parts, a phenomenon named autoregulation. Roots treated with rhizobial nodulation signals (Nod factors) induce a similar systemic suppression of symbiosis.In order to test the hypothesis that flavonoids play a role in this systemic suppression, split-root systems of alfalfa plants were inoculated on one side of the split-root system with Sinorhizobium meliloti or Glomus mosseae or were treated with Nod factor. HPLC-analysis of alfalfa root extracts from both sides of the split-root system revealed a persistent local and systemic accumulation pattern of some flavonoids associated with the different treatments. The two flavonoids, formononetin and ononin, could be identified to be similarily altered after rhizobial or mycorrhizal inoculation or when treated with Nod factor.Exogenous application of formononetin and ononin partially restored nodulation and mycorrhization pointing towards the involvement of these two secondary compounds in the autoregulation of both symbioses. |
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Keywords: | Arbuscular mycorrhiza Autoregulation Flavonoid Medicago sativa Nodulation Sinorhizobium meliloti |
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