Cytogenetic,cross-mating and molecular evidence of four cytological races of Anopheles crawfordi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Cambodia |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;2. Department of Biology and Centre for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;3. Faculty of Veterinary Science (Establishment Project), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;4. Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan;5. Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand;6. Office of Disease Prevention and Control No. 10, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;7. National Center for Malaria Control, Parasitology and Entomology, Phnom Penh 12302, Cambodia |
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| Abstract: | Twenty-nine isolines of Anopheles crawfordi were established from wild-caught females collected from cow-baited traps in Thailand and Cambodia. Three types of X (X1, X2, X3) and four types of Y (Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4) chromosomes were identified, according to differing amounts of extra heterochromatin. These sex chromosomes represent four metaphase karyotypes, i.e., Forms A (X1, X2, X3, Y1), B (X1, X2, X3, Y2), C (X2, Y3) and D (X2, Y4). Forms C and D are novel metaphase karyotypes confined to Thailand, whereas forms A and B appear to be common in both Thailand and Cambodia. Cross-mating experiments between the four karyotypic forms indicated genetic compatibility in yielding viable progenies and synaptic salivary gland polytene chromosomes. The results suggest that the forms are conspecific and A. crawfordi comprises four cytological races, which is further supported by very low intraspecific variation (mean genetic distance = 0.000–0.018) of the nucleotide sequences in ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (COI, COII). |
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| Keywords: | Metaphase karyotypes Cross-mating experiments ITS2 COI COII |
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