Gas exchange pattern in the two‐spot ladybird beetle,Adalia bipunctata,differs in dry vs. moist air |
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| Authors: | Katrin Jõgar Aare Kuusik Luule Metspalu Angela Ploomi Ingrid H Williams Külli Hiiesaar Anne Luik Ivar Sibul Marika Mänd |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia;2. Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Department of Silviculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia |
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| Abstract: | Gas exchange patterns in the ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were investigated using an infrared gaseous analyser (IRGA) and a coulometric O2 respirometer (manometric–volumetric system). Before testing, the beetles were kept either in dry (dehydrated) or moist (hydrated) conditions for 1 day. Their subsequent gas exchange patterns did not depend on their state of humidity but rather were controlled by the humidity of the insect chamber during gas exchange measurement. If this chamber contained dry air, the beetles exhibited CO2 release by burst, which we interpreted as cyclic gas exchange (CGE) with inter‐burst periods, but if the chamber was switched to contain moist air, then cyclic CO2 release was soon abandoned and a pattern of continuous gas exchange appeared. Measurements with the coulometric respirometer in moist air showed that continuous gas exchange was often associated with weak abdominal pulsations, which we interpreted as active ventilation. Their metabolic rate was lower during gas exchange cycles than during continuous gas exchange. We revealed that in the ladybird beetle metabolic rate increased in moist air when the gas exchange pattern transitioned from cyclic to continuous. |
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| Keywords: | continuous gas exchange cyclic gas exchange humidity conditions Coleoptera Coccinellidae ventilation diapause survival strategy |
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