Microarray studies on effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pneumocystis carinii</Emphasis> infection on global gene expression in alveolar macrophages |
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Authors: | Bi-Hua Cheng Yunlong Liu Xiaoling Xuei Chung-Ping Liao Debao Lu Mark E Lasbury Pamela J Durant Chao-Hung Lee |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;(2) Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;(3) Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA;(4) Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA;(5) Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA;(6) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA;(7) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 46202 Indianapolis, IN, USA;(8) Department of Surgery, Teda Hospital, Tianjin, China;(9) Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | BackgroundPneumocystis pneumonia is a common opportunistic disease in AIDS patients. The alveolar macrophage is an important effector cell in the clearance of Pneumocystis organisms by phagocytosis. However, both the number and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages are decreased in Pneumocystis infected hosts. To understand how Pneumocystis inactivates alveolar macrophages, Affymetrix GeneChip® RG-U34A DNA microarrays were used to study the difference in global gene expression in alveolar macrophages from uninfected and Pneumocystis carinii-infected Sprague-Dawley rats.ResultsAnalyses of genes that were affected by Pneumocystis infection showed that many functions in the cells were affected. Antigen presentation, cell-mediated immune response, humoral immune response, and inflammatory response were most severely affected, followed by cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, immunological disease, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cell death, organ injury and abnormality, cell signaling, infectious disease, small molecular biochemistry, antimicrobial response, and free radical scavenging. Since rats must be immunosuppressed in order to develop Pneumocystis infection, alveolar macrophages from four rats of the same sex and age that were treated with dexamethasone for the entire eight weeks of the study period were also examined. With a filter of false-discovery rate less than 0.1 and fold change greater than 1.5, 200 genes were found to be up-regulated, and 144 genes were down-regulated by dexamethasone treatment. During Pneumocystis pneumonia, 115 genes were found to be up- and 137 were down-regulated with the same filtering criteria. The top ten genes up-regulated by Pneumocystis infection were Cxcl10, Spp1, S100A9, Rsad2, S100A8, Nos2, RT1-Bb, Lcn2, RT1-Db1, and Srgn with fold changes ranging between 12.33 and 5.34; and the top ten down-regulated ones were Lgals1, Psat1, Tbc1d23, Gsta1, Car5b, Xrcc5, Pdlim1, Alcam, Cidea, and Pkib with fold changes ranging between -4.24 and -2.25.ConclusionsIn order to survive in the host, Pneumocystis organisms change the expression profile of alveolar macrophages. Results of this study revealed that Pneumocystis infection affects many cellular functions leading to reduced number and activity of alveolar macrophages during Pneumocystis pneumonia. |
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