Conformational Studies of Nucleic Acids: IV. The Conformational Energetics of Oligonucleotides: d(ApApApA) and ApApApA

Abstract

Utilizing a new method for modeling furanose pseudorotation (D. A Pearlman and S.-H. Kim, J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 3, 85 (1985)) and the empirical multiple correlations between nucleic acid torsion angles we derived in the previous report (D. A Pearlman and S.-H. Kim, previous paper in this issue), we have made an energetic examination of the entire conformational spaces available to two nucleic acid oligonucleotides: d(ApApApA) and ApApApA The energies are calculated using a semi-empirical potential function. From the resulting body of data, energy contour map pairs (one for the DNA molecule, one for the RNA structure) have been created for each of the 21 possible torsion angle pairs in a nucleotide repeating unit. Of the 21 pairs, 15 have not been reported previously. The contour plots are different from those made earlier in that for each point in a particular angle-angle plot, the remaining five variable torsion angles are rotated to the values which give a minimum energy at this point. The contour maps are overall quite consistent with the experimental distribution of oligonucleotide data. A number of these maps are of particular interest: δ (C5′-C4′-C3′-03′)χ (04′-C1′-N9- C4), where the energetic basis for an approximately linear δ-χ correlation can be seen; ζ (C3′- 03′-P-05′)-δ, in which the experimentally observed linear correlation between ζ and δ in DNA (220° < ζ <280°) is clearly predicted; ζ-ε (C4′-C3′-03′-P), which shows that e increases with decreasing ζ <260°; α (03′-P-05′-C5′)-γ (05′-C5′-C4′-C3′) where a clear linear correlation between these angles is also apparent, consistent with experiment; and several others. For the DNA molecule studied here, the sugar torsion Ô is predicted to be the most flexible, while for the RNA molecule, the greatest amount of flexibility is expected to reside in a and y. Both the DNA and RNA molecules are predicted to be highly polymorphic. Complete energy minimization has been performed on each of the minima found in the energy searches and the results further support this prediction. Possible pathways for B-form to A-form DNA interconversion suggested by the results of this study are discussed. The results of these calculations support use of the new sugar modeling technique and torsion angle correlations in future conformational studies of nucleic acids.