Cholinesterase activities of various nematode parasites and their inhibition by the organophosphate anthelmintic haloxon |
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| Authors: | R J Hart R M Lee |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Bank of Slovakia, Slovakia;2. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;3. University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia;1. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), China;2. School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China;1. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, Münster 48149, Germany;3. School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;1. The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile;2. Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;3. Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;5. School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;6. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;7. Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile;8. Doctorate in Applied Mathematical Modeling, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Homogenates of Dictyocaulus filaria, Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Chabertia ovina, and Ascaris lumbricoides L. possess the ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine; three of these (O. venulosum, D. filaria, and B. trigonocephalum) have remarkably high activity (844, 977, and 1,760 μmoles/gm per hour, respectively), the others have activities below 200 μmoles/gm per hour.The organophosphorus anthelmintic Haloxon is a fully effective treatment for a number of the helminth species studied. In them, the cholinesterase activity was inactivated for long periods by low concentrations of inhibitor; this contrasts with the situation found in sheep, where spontaneous reactivation of the cholinesterase is rapid. Of the species, that do not respond to Haloxon treatment under normal dosing conditions, O. columbianum, T. ovis, and C. ovina possess cholinesterases with low inhibition rate constants, and differ only quantitatively from susceptible species. Bunostomum trigonocephalum and D. filaria, by contrast, possess cholinesterases which reactivate spontaneously after inhibition by Haloxon, and thus differ qualitatively from all the other species. These quantitative and qualitative differences and their relationship with the chemotherapeutic effect of Haloxon are discussed. |
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