The hypoxic peri-arteriolar glioma stem cell niche,an integrated concept of five types of niches in human glioblastoma |
| |
Authors: | Diana A. Aderetti Vashendriya V.V. Hira Remco J. Molenaar Cornelis J.F. van Noorden |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ve?na pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia |
| |
Abstract: | Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor and poor survival of glioblastoma patients is attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). These therapy-resistant, quiescent and pluripotent cells reside in GSC niches, which are specific microenvironments that protect GSCs against radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We previously showed the existence of hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma tumor samples. However, other studies have described peri-vascular niches, peri-hypoxic niches, peri-immune niches and extracellular matrix niches of GSCs. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate the literature on these five different types of GSC niches. In the present review, we describe that the five niche types are not distinct from one another, but should be considered to be parts of one integral GSC niche model, the hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niche. Moreover, hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches are structural and functional look-alikes of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in the bone marrow. GSCs are maintained in peri-arteriolar niches by the same receptor-ligand interactions as HSCs in bone marrow. Our concept should be rigidly tested in the near future and applied to develop therapies to expel and keep GSCs out of their protective niches to render them more vulnerable to standard therapies. |
| |
Keywords: | ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia AML acute myeloid leukemia CatK cathepsin K CXCR4 C-X-C receptor type 4 DLL4 Delta-like ligand 4 GSC glioma stem cell EC endothelial cell ECM extracellular matrix GM-CSF granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulated factor HIF hypoxia-inducible factor HSC hematopoietic stem cell HSP hypoxia stress-induced chaperone protein J1 Jagged-1 M-CSF monocyte chemoattraction protein-1 MMP matrix metalloprotease MSC mesenchymal stem cell NO nitric oxide OPN osteopontin SDF-1α stromal-derived factor-1α SHH Sonic Hedgehog SCF stem cell factor TAM tumor-associated macrophage TGF-β transforming growth factor-β VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 Glioblastoma Glioma stem cells Niches Blood vessels Extracellular matrix Tumor microenvironment Hypoxia Therapy resistance Vasculature |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|