莱州湾小清河口近岸海域底栖生境健康评价

于2019年7月、8月和9月对莱州湾小清河口近岸海域的大型底栖动物进行调查,对该海域大型底栖动物群落的种类组成和群落结构等进行研究,利用丰度/生物量比较曲线法、AMBI指数法和M-AMBI指数法对研究海域大型底栖动物群落健康和底栖生境健康状况进行评价。研究结果表明,2019年7月、8月和9月共采集到大型底栖动物64种,其中多毛类24种,甲壳类19种,软体动物17种,其他类群4种。该海域的优势种为光滑河蓝蛤（Potamocorbula laevis）、彩虹明樱蛤（Moerella iridescens）、半褶织纹螺（Nassarius semiplicatus）、四角蛤蜊（Mactra veneriformis）,寡鳃齿吻沙蚕（Nephthys oligobranchia）、中蚓虫（Mediomastus californiensis）、东方长眼虾（Ogyrides orientalis）、尖齿拳蟹（Philyra acutidens）和短角双眼钩虾（Ampelisca brevicornis）,其中彩虹明樱蛤和寡鳃齿吻沙蚕在三次调查中均为优势物种,优势度明显。群落结构聚类分析和多维尺度分析表明,7月研究海域的大型底栖动物群落以10%的相似性可以分为3组,8月以18%相似性可以分为4组,9月以19%的相似性可以分为3组,三次调查的群落结构相似度均较低。丰度/生物量比较曲线法研究结果显示,底栖动物群落生物量优势显著,群落处于未干扰状态。AMBI指数及M-AMBI指数分析结果表明,莱州湾小清河口近岸海域底栖生境处于未干扰或者轻度干扰的状态,健康状况处于高等或者优良的状态。

Health assessment for benthic habitats of macrobenthos in the sea area adjacent to the Xiaoqing River estuary, Laizhou Bay

The species composition, dominant species, abundance, biomass and community structure were investigated in the Xiaoqing River estuary of Laizhou Bay in July, August and September 2019. The benthic habitat health status was analyzed and assessed by abundance/biomass curves, AZTI''s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), and Multivariate-AZTI''s Marine Biotic Index (M-AMBI). A total of 64 macrobenthic species were recorded, including 24 Polychaeta, 19 Crustaceans, 17 Mollusks, and 4 species belonging to other benthic groups. There were seven dominant species including Potamocorbula laevis, Moerella iridescens, Nassarius semiplicatus, Mactra veneriformis, Nephthys oligobranchia, Mediomastus californiensis, Ogyrides orientalis, Philyra acutidens, and Ampelisca brevicornis, with the obvious dominance in Moerella iridescens and Nephthys oligobranchia. The cluster analysis of community structure and multidimensional scale analysis revealed that macrobenthos communities in the study area in July were divided into 3 groups with 10% similarity, 4 groups with 18% similarity in August, and 3 groups with 19% similarity in September, with lower community structure similarity in three surveys. Abundance/biomass curves indicated that the biomass dominance of benthic community was significant and the macrobenthic community was undisturbed. The AMBI and M-AMBI Index analysis showed that the benthic habitats tended to be no disturbed or slightly disturbed and the ecological status tended to high or good.