The human neonatal small intestine has the potential for arginine synthesis; developmental changes in the expression of arginine-synthesizing and -catabolizing enzymes |
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| Authors: | Eleonore S Köhler Selvakumari Sankaranarayanan Christa J van Ginneken Paul van Dijk Jacqueline LM Vermeulen Jan M Ruijter Wouter H Lamers Elisabeth Bruder |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;(2) Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Anatomy & Embryology, University of Antwerp, Belgium;(3) AMC Liver Center Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;(4) Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;(5) Department of Pathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Background Milk contains too little arginine for normal growth, but its precursors proline and glutamine are abundant; the small intestine of rodents and piglets produces arginine from proline during the suckling period; and parenterally fed premature human neonates frequently suffer from hypoargininemia. These findings raise the question whether the neonatal human small intestine also expresses the enzymes that enable the synthesis of arginine from proline and/or glutamine. Carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), arginase-1 (ARG1), arginase-2 (ARG2), and nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) were visualized by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry in 89 small-intestinal specimens. |
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