Excessive iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction among lactating Saharawi women |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa;2. Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Zurich, Switzerland;3. Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Internal box 594, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X6001, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa;4. Department of Biostatistics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P O Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa;1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China;2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China;3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China;4. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin, 300384, China |
| |
Abstract: | ObjectivesExcessive iodine intake may lead to thyroid dysfunction, which may be particularly harmful during pregnancy and lactation. The main objective was to describe iodine status and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among lactating women in areas with high iodine (HI) and very high iodine (VHI) concentrations in drinking water.Design and methodsA cross-sectional survey was performed among 111 lactating women in the Saharawi refugee camps, Algeria. Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC), urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the iodine concentration in the most commonly consumed foods/drinks were measured. A 24-h dietary recall was used to estimate iodine intake. Thyroid hormones and antibodies were measured in serum.ResultsMedian UIC, BMIC and iodine intake across both areas was 350 μg/L, 479 μg/L and 407 μg/day, respectively. In multiple regression analyses, we discovered that being from VHI area was associated with higher UIC and BMIC. BMIC was also positively associated with iodine intake. Thyroid dysfunction and/or positive thyroid antibodies were found in 33.3% of the women, of which 18.9% had hypothyroidism and 8.1% had hyperthyroidism and 6.3% had positive antibodies with normal thyroid function. Elevated thyroid antibodies were in total found in 17.1%. We found no difference in distribution of thyroid dysfunction or positive antibodies between HI and VHI areas. BMI, BMIC and elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) predicted abnormal thyroid function tests.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction may be caused by excessive iodine intake over several years. |
| |
Keywords: | Iodine excess Lactating women Thyroid dysfunction Breast milk iodine Urinary iodine |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|