Influence of diphenyl diselenide on chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;2. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;1. Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, PR China;2. School of Medical and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Jinan, PR China;3. The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology – Entox, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Brisbane 4108, Australia;4. Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Adelaide 4095, Australia;1. Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales (NEA), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile;2. Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain;3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública ISCIII, Spain;1. Toxicology Research Unit, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India;2. Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, India;1. Programa de Pós - Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós - Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;4. Programa de Pós - Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) poses several harmful effects to human and animal health. The present study investigated the influence of diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) on CPF-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Firstly, the time course lethality response of virgin flies (2- to 3-day-old) to CPF (0.075–0.6 μg/g) and DPDP (5–40 μmol/kg) in the diet for 28 consecutive days were investigated. Subsequently, the protective effect of DPDS (10, 20 and 40 μmol/kg) on CPF (0.15 μg/g)-induced mortality, locomotor deficits, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress was assessed in a co-exposure paradigm for 7 days. Results showed that CPF exposure significantly decreased the percent live flies in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, whereas the percent live flies with DPDS treatment was not statistically different from control following 28 days of treatment. In the co-exposure study, CPF significantly increased flies mortality while the survivors exhibited significant locomotor deficits with decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Dietary supplementation with DPDS was associated with marked decrease in mortality, improvement in locomotor activity and restoration of AChE activity in CPF-exposed flies. Moreover, CPF exposure significantly decreased catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, total thiol level with concomitant significant elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the head and body regions of the treated flies. Dietary supplementation with DPDS significantly improved the antioxidant status and prevented CPF-induced oxidative stress, thus demonstrating the protective effect of DPDS in CPF-treated flies. |
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| Keywords: | Chlorpyrifos Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) Neurotoxicity Oxidative stress |
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