Biological diversity and the community structure of organisms |
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Authors: | A F Alimov |
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Institution: | 1.Zoological Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences,St. Petersburg,Russia |
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Abstract: | Biological diversity and the complexity of the community structure of benthic animals in different bodies of water are evaluated
using the Shannon index. The literature data on the communities in Lake Krasnoye (Karelian Isthmus, Leningrad Oblast), Shchuchy
Bay of Lake Ladoga, Neva Bay, and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland have been analyzed. The extrema (maxima and minima)
and the inflection point of the curve of functions are determined with the help of derivatives. The rate of the secondary
succession is evaluated for the first time by the example of benthic communities. It is shown that the community structure
of bottom animals in the Shchuchy Bay ecosystem formed in the process of succession proves to be more complex than in Lake
Krasnoye and the Neva Bay communities that have been formed for a long time. Communities of bottom animals are less complex
in polluted waters of the top of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. It has taken 12 years to reach the maximum diversity
of the bottom animal communities in Shchuchy Bay, 16 years in Lake Krasnoye, and 7–10 years in Neva Bay. It is supposed that,
under favorable conditions in the waterbodies of a moderate climate and in the absence of heavy pollution or eutrophication,
it takes 12–14 years on average to form the most complex community structure of bottom animals (3–4 bit/spec.). The structure
of communities in polluted waters remains simple. |
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