基于相机陷阱技术的阿尔金山北坡水源地鸟兽物种监测

为调查阿尔金山北坡的鸟兽物种多样性和丰富度,2010 - 2012 年,利用相机陷阱调查技术对阿尔金山北坡的7 个水源地进行了监测。监测期间共记录到26 个物种,其中兽类11 种,鸟类15 种。记录到野骆驼、藏野驴等国家一级保护动物以及雪豹、猞猁、豺等稀有兽类,胡兀鹫、金雕、高山兀鹫等珍稀猛禽。食草动物中野骆驼是水源地占优势地位的物种,也是该地区分布最广的物种。食肉动物中狼和赤狐为广泛分布的物种。对于荒漠地区动物的调查,基于水源地的红外相机监测是一个较为可行的方法,同时也为研究社群结构、种间竞争以及不同物种资源利用生态位重叠和分离提供了可能。利用红外相机的水源地监测有助于评估环境变化和人为干扰对野生动物水源利用的影响,并为荒漠地区水源管理和保护提供参考。

Using camera traps to survey wildlife at water sources on the northern slope of the Altun Mountains,China

To examine the diversity and abundance of wildlife at water sources on the northern slope of the Altun Mountains,camera-trapping was conducted at seven sites from 2010 to 2012. A total of 26 species were captured in the survey. There were 11 species of mammal including Camelus ferus,Equus kiang,Uncia uncia,Lynx lynx,and 15 species of birds including Gypaetus barbatus,Aquila chrysaetos,and Gyps himalayensis in the photos. Wild camel (Camelus ferus) was the only species captured at all observation sites and was present in almost 66% of the photographs. This suggests that wild camel is the dominant species of herbivore at water source areas. Wolf (Canis lupus)and red fox (Vulpes vulpes)were the dominant species of carnivores at water sources since they were captured in 123 and 268 photographs respectively. The research suggests that camera-trapping at water sources is a practical approach for animal investigation in arid regions. Moreover,using camera-trapping data of behavior and activity could be a feasible method to study community structures and interspecies competition,or to evaluate overlap or partition of niches. Cameral-trapping at water sources will be beneficial to assess the influence of environment change and human disturbance on how wildlife use water and develop recommendations on how water sources in arid area could be managed and conserved.