骨再生的力学生物学问题

生物力学主要探讨力学刺激与细胞的形态、结构和功能之间的关系。骨组织改变其形态和结构以适应力学刺激，表现为骨的适应性重建。骨的生长是骨塑形和骨重建两个过程协同作用的结果，以调整骨的形状、大小和组成，适应其所处的力学环境。骨组织工程的目的就是修复骨组织的正常生物力学功能。近年来，骨组织工程的研究主要集中于模拟骨生长的在体生理条件，从而刺激细胞形成有功能的骨组织。生物反应器能够模拟体内生理状态，为种子细胞在生物支架材料上生长提供一个适宜的力学环境。

Mechanobiology issues of bone regeneration

The mechanobiology studies the relationship between biology and the cellular mechanical environment. The central paradigm of skeletal mechanobiology is that mechanical forces modulated morphological and structural fitness of skeletal tissues. Bone tissue is adapted to the daily loadings throughout life, as a result of continuous adaptive remodeling. The processes of bone modeling and bone remodeling work together in the growing skeleton to define the appropriate skeletal shape, quality and quantity. The main goal of bone tissue engineering is the restoration of normal biomechanical functions of bone. Recently, researches are focusing on how to recapitulate some aspects of the environment present in vivo during bone tissue development and thereby stimulate the cells to regenerate functional tissue structures. In the bioreactors fields, where environmental factors can be reproduced and controlled, the positive effects of mechanical stimuli is employed to produce more functional and organized engineering tissues.