Mechanism of action of nitrous oxide gas applied as a polyploidizing agent during meiosis in lilies |
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Authors: | Satomi Kitamura Masako Akutsu Keiichi Okazaki |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;(2) Present address: National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohiraku, Sapporo Hokkaido, 062-8555, Japan |
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Abstract: | Nitrous oxide gas (N2O) can be used to produce polyploid plants, but the mechanism of action is unknown. The actin and microtubule cytoskeleton
was observed in N2O-treated microsporocytes of Lilium spp ‘Asiatic hybrid lilies’ using fluorescence microscopy after staining with DAPI, FITC-conjugated tubulin antibody, and
phalloidin-conjugated Alexa Fluor 546. Additionally, microsporocytes of L. longiflorum were observed with acetocarmine staining following N2O treatment. A typical metaphase I microtubule distribution was observed in control microsporocytes. After treatment with
N2O for 24 h, microtubules were effectively depolymerized; this prevented chromosomes from moving to the poles, resulting in
chromosome retention in the center of N2O-treated cells. Cell plate formation took place without delay, however, yielding one daughter cell with a diploid genome
and another daughter without chromosomes. In addition, N2O treatment often induced micronuclei due to aberrant chromosome separation during cytokinesis. Actin filaments in microsporocytes
are insensitive to N2O. These findings indicate that N2O mediates polyploidization by inhibiting microtubule polymerization, but not actin filament formation, during microsporocyte
meiosis. |
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Keywords: | Lilies Meiosis Microtubule Nitrous oxide gas 2n Pollen |
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