垂直绿化生态效益研究综述

全球气候变化和城市化背景下城市生态环境问题越发凸显，面对日趋紧张的土地资源现状，垂直绿化建设成为重要的城市绿地补充手段，对改善城市环境具有重要意义。垂直绿化具有多种生态效益，且其效益发挥受到多因素共同影响。如何统筹协调生态效益和影响因素之间的复杂关系，以使其综合生态效益最大化，是当前垂直绿化建设亟待解决的科学问题之一。基于文献综述法归纳了不同生态效益的机制及其关键影响因素，并对多效益和多影响因素进行了综合分析。结果表明，垂直绿化具有缓解城市热岛、建筑节能减排、固碳、净化空气、降噪、截留雨水和支持生物多样性等七种主要生态效益，并受到植被特征、设施结构特征、气象条件、空间格局等多方面因素的共同影响。基于对效益和影响因素的综合分析，进一步提出了两点规划思路：首先，关注环境需求和效益供给的耦合关系能够更加科学合理地指导区域垂直绿化建设布局。其次，关注生态效益间的关系，以区域关键生态环境问题为导向进行效益权衡并结合考虑其影响因素的重要性程度能为规划设计提供有效建议。

A review of ecological benefits of vertical greenery system

Global climate change and urbanization contribute to the increasing deterioration of urban ecological environment. With the growing shortage of urban land resources, the construction of vertical greenery system has played an important role in increasing urban green space, which is of great significance to improve the urban environment. The vertical greenery system has multiple ecological benefits which are greatly affected by various factors in the meantime. Facing a complex relationship network between multiple ecological benefits and influencing factors, it is of urgent need to figure out an optimal solution on coordinating the complex relationship between ecological benefits and influencing factors, so as to maximize the comprehensive ecological benefits of currently vertical greening construction. Therefore, we summarized the mechanisms of different ecological benefits and their key influencing factors based on systematic literature review, and then made a comprehensive analysis of vertical greenery system''s multi-benefits and various influencing factors in this paper. Seven main ecological benefits of vertical greenery system were summarized, including alleviating urban heat island, conserving building energy and carbon emission, fixing carbon, purifying air, reducing noise, intercepting rainwater, and maintaining biodiversity. At the same time, several factors, including vegetation characteristics, facilities structure characteristics, meteorological conditions, and spatial pattern, etc., showed significant impacts on the display of ecological benefits. Furthermore, based on the comprehensive analysis of benefits and influencing factors, we put forward two planning views:Firstly, more attention is needed to pay on the coupling relationship between environmental demand and benefit supply, which could effectively provide scientific and reasonable guidance on the layout of regional vertical greenery system construction. Secondly, more attention is needed to pay on the relationship between ecological benefits, and more efforts should be made to trade off between 7 ecological benefits by taking the regional key ecological environmental issues as the orientation, and also recognize the importance degree of their influencing factors. The combined results will be able to provide effective suggestions on the design strategies of vertical greenery system to maximize comprehensive benefits.