The association between smokeless tobacco use and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A systematic review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;2. Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;4. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia;5. Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada;1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Population Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N Pauline, Suite 467, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;2. Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;1. BK21PLUS Program in ‘Embodiment: Health–Society Interaction’, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Environmental Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSmokeless tobacco is a possible risk factor for developing pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This systematic review addressed the question: Is there an association between smokeless tobacco use and pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis?MethodsFive electronic databases, grey literature, and citations of relevant articles were searched to identify studies. Six researchers double-reviewed records for inclusion in the review. The information extracted from these studies was selected using criteria outlined in the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for observational studies. A qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed.ResultsThe search of electronic databases resulted in a total of 1747 citations. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, including three cohort studies, seven case control studies and one study that pooled data from multiple case-control studies. Studies were heterogeneous in their assessment of exposure intensity and ascertainment of outcomes. Quality of the studies varied. Existing investigations of the association of interest appear to exhibit several types of biases including selection bias, information bias and bias in the analysis.ConclusionThe association between smokeless tobacco use and pancreatic adenocarcinoma is inconclusive. More definitive conclusions regarding this relationship await the results of more methodologically rigorous epidemiologic studies. |
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| Keywords: | Pancreatic neoplasms Pancreatic cancer Smokeless tobacco Tobacco products Systematic review |
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